tsamba loyambilira
Ndi kudina pang'ono pakompyuta kapena chipangizo, munthu amatha kugula, kugulitsa kapena kusindikiza chilichonse, nthawi iliyonse. Nanga zimachitika bwanji? Zikuyenda bwanji mudziwe kuchokera pomwe pano mpaka apo? Ngwazi yosadziwika ndi API.
Kodi API ndi chiyani?
API imayimira a APPLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE. API imasonyeza gawo la mapulogalamu, ntchito zake, zolowetsa, zotuluka, ndi mitundu yoyambira. Koma mumafotokoza bwanji API mu Chingerezi chosavuta? API imagwira ntchito ngati mthenga yemwe amasamutsa pempho lanu kuchokera ku pulogalamu ndikukubwezerani yankho.
Chitsanzo 1: Mukasaka ndege pa intaneti. Mumalumikizana ndi tsamba la ndege. Tsambali limafotokoza za malo okhala komanso mtengo waulendo wa pandege pa tsiku ndi nthawi yake. Mumasankha chakudya kapena malo okhala, katundu, kapena zopempha za ziweto.
Koma, ngati simukugwiritsa ntchito tsamba lachindunji la ndege kapena mukugwiritsa ntchito wothandizira maulendo apaintaneti omwe amaphatikiza data yochokera kumakampani ambiri andege. Kuti mudziwe zambiri, pulogalamu imalumikizana ndi API yandege. API ndi mawonekedwe omwe amatengera deta kuchokera patsamba la wothandizira maulendo kupita kumayendedwe andege.
Zimatengeranso kuyankha kwandege ndikubwezanso. Izi zimathandizira kulumikizana pakati pa ntchito zoyendera, ndi machitidwe andege -kusungitsa ndege. Ma API amaphatikiza laibulale yamachitidwe, kapangidwe ka data, makalasi azinthu, ndi zosintha. Mwachitsanzo, ntchito za SOAP ndi REST.
Chitsanzo 2: Best Buy imapangitsa mitengo ya Deal of the Day kukhala yapadera kudzera patsamba lake. Zomwezi zili mu pulogalamu yake yam'manja. Pulogalamuyi imadetsa nkhawa za dongosolo lamitengo yamkati - imatha kuyitanitsa Deal of the Day API ndikufunsa, kodi mtengo wake ndi wotani? Best Buy imayankha ndi zomwe mwapempha mumtundu wokhazikika womwe pulogalamuyi imawonetsa kwa wogwiritsa ntchito.
Chitsanzo3: Ma API azama media ndi ofunikira. Ogwiritsa ntchito amatha kupeza zomwe zili mkati ndikusunga kuchuluka kwa akaunti ndi mapasiwedi omwe amasunga zotsika, kuti athe kusunga zinthu mosavuta.
- Twitter API: Gwirizanani ndi ntchito zambiri za Twitter
- Facebook API: Pamalipiro, deta ya ogwiritsa ntchito, ndi kulowa
- Instagram API: Ogwiritsa ntchito ma tag, onani zithunzi zomwe zikuchitika
Nanga bwanji za REST & SOAP API's?
SOPO ndi Bwerani gwiritsani ntchito API-consuming service, yotchedwa Web API. Kuthandizira pa intaneti sikudalira chidziwitso chilichonse cham'mbuyomu. SOAP ndi protocol yapaintaneti yomwe ndiyopepuka yodziyimira pawokha papulatifomu. SOAP ndi njira yotumizira mauthenga yochokera ku XML. Mosiyana ndi ntchito yapaintaneti ya SOAP, ntchito yopumula imagwiritsa ntchito zomanga za REST, zomangidwira kulumikizana kolunjika.
Ntchito yapaintaneti ya SOAP
- SOAP Sender - kupanga ndi kutumiza uthenga.
- SOAP Receiver - amapeza ndikusintha uthengawo.
- SOAP Intermediary- amalandira ndi kukonza midadada yamutu.
RESTful Web Service
Representational State Transfer (REST) ikukhudzana ndi ubale pakati pa kasitomala ndi seva komanso momwe boma limayendera. Zomangamanga zopumira, Seva ya REST imapereka mwayi wopezera kasitomala. Mpumulo umayang'anira kuwerenga ndikusintha kapena kulemba zothandizira. Uniform Identifier (URI) imazindikiritsa zothandizira kukhala ndi chikalata. Izi zidzagwira gwero lazinthu.
REST ndiyopepuka kuposa kamangidwe ka SOAP. Imaphatikiza JSON, chilankhulo chowerengeka ndi anthu chomwe chimathandiza kugawana deta komanso kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito deta, m'malo mwa XML yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi zomangamanga za SOAP.
Pali mfundo zingapo zopangira Restful Web Service, zomwe ndi:
- Kuthekera - Chida chilichonse chiyenera kukhala ndi ulalo umodzi.
- Statelessness - Ntchito yopumula ndi ntchito yopanda malire. Pempho silidalira pempho lililonse lakale ndi ntchito. HTTP imapangidwa ndi protocol yopanda malire.
- Cacheable - Deta yodziwika kuti ndi yosungika mudongosolo ndipo idzagwiritsidwanso ntchito mtsogolo. Monga yankho ku pempho lomwelo m'malo motulutsa zotsatira zomwezo. Zolepheretsa posungira zimathandizira kuti data yoyankhidwa ikhale yosungika kapena yosasungika.
- Uniform mawonekedwe - Amalola mawonekedwe wamba komanso okhazikika kuti agwiritse ntchito kuti apezeke. Kugwiritsa ntchito njira zofotokozera za HTTP. Kutsatira mfundozi kumatsimikizira, kukhazikitsa kwa REST ndikopepuka.
Ubwino wa REST
- Amagwiritsa ntchito mawonekedwe osavuta a mauthenga
- Amapereka mphamvu yanthawi yayitali
- Imathandizira kulumikizana kopanda malire
- Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo za HTTP ndi galamala
- Deta imapezeka ngati gwero
Zoyipa za REST
- Zimalephera mumayendedwe a Webusaiti monga Security Transactions etc.
- Zopempha za REST sizowonjezera
REST vs Kuyerekeza kwa SOAP
Kusiyana pakati pa ntchito zapaintaneti za SOAP ndi REST.
SOAP Web Service | Mpumulo Web Service |
Imafunika ndalama zochulukirapo poyerekeza ndi REST. | REST ndiyopepuka chifukwa imagwiritsa ntchito URI pama fomu a data. |
Kusintha kwa ntchito za SOAP nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kusintha kwakukulu kwa code kumbali ya kasitomala. | Khodi ya mbali ya kasitomala sikukhudzidwa ndi kusintha kwa ntchito mu REST mawebusayiti. |
Mtundu wobwerera nthawi zonse ndi mtundu wa XML. | Amapereka kusinthasintha pokhudzana ndi mawonekedwe a data yobwezedwa. |
Ndondomeko ya mauthenga a XML | Protocol yomanga |
Pamafunika laibulale ya SOAP kumapeto kwa kasitomala. | Palibe thandizo la library lomwe limafunikira kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa HTTP. |
Imathandizira WS-Security ndi SSL. | Imathandizira SSL ndi HTTPS. |
SOAP imatanthauzira chitetezo chake. | Mawebusayiti opumula amatenga njira zachitetezo kuchokera kumayendedwe omwe ali nawo. |
Mitundu ya Ndondomeko Zotulutsa API
Ndondomeko zotulutsidwa za API ndi:
Mfundo zotulutsa zachinsinsi:
API imapezeka kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mkati mwamakampani.
Mfundo zotulutsa anzanu:
API imapezeka kwa mabizinesi okha. Makampani amatha kuwongolera mtundu wa API chifukwa chowongolera omwe angakwanitse.
Mfundo zotulutsa anthu:
API ndi yogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi anthu. Kupezeka kwa ndondomeko zomasulidwa kumapezeka kwa anthu. Chitsanzo: Microsoft Windows API ndi Apple Cocoa.
Kutsiliza
Ma API amapezeka paliponse, kaya mukusungitsa ndege kapena mukugwiritsa ntchito ma TV. SOAP API imachokera ku mauthenga a XML, imasiyana ndi REST API chifukwa sichifuna kusinthidwa kwapadera.
Kupanga ntchito za Webusaiti Yopumula kuyenera kutsata mfundo zina, kuphatikiza kukhazikika, kusakhazikika, kusungika, ndi mawonekedwe wamba. Malamulo otulutsa ma API atha kugawidwa m'magulu atatu: ma API achinsinsi, ma API othandizana nawo, ndi ma API apagulu.
Zikomo powerenga nkhaniyi. Onani nkhani yathu pa Guide to Chitetezo cha API 2022.
