IT Networking Kwa Oyamba
IT Networking Kwa Oyamba: Intro
M'nkhaniyi, tikambirana zoyambira pa intaneti ya IT. Tidzakambirana mitu monga ma network, zida zama netiweki, ndi ma network. Pakutha kwa nkhaniyi, muyenera kumvetsetsa bwino momwe ma network a IT amagwirira ntchito.
Kodi Computer Network ndi chiyani?
Network network ndi gulu la makompyuta omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake. Cholinga cha netiweki yamakompyuta ndikugawana deta ndi zothandizira. Mwachitsanzo, mutha kugwiritsa ntchito netiweki yapakompyuta kugawana mafayilo, osindikiza, ndi intaneti.
Mitundu Yamakompyuta Pakompyuta
Pali mitundu 7 yodziwika bwino yama netiweki apakompyuta:
A Local Area Network (LAN): ndi gulu la makompyuta omwe amalumikizana wina ndi mzake m'dera laling'ono monga kunyumba, ofesi, kapena sukulu.
Wide Area Network (WAN): WAN ndi netiweki yayikulu yomwe imatha kuzungulira nyumba zingapo kapena mayiko.
Wireless Local Are Network (WLAN): WLAN ndi LAN yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito ukadaulo wopanda zingwe kulumikiza zida.
Metropolitan Area Network (MAN): MUNTHU ndi malo ochezera a mumzinda.
Malo Amtundu Wathu (PAN): PAN ndi netiweki yomwe imalumikiza zida zamunthu monga makompyuta, laputopu, ndi mafoni am'manja.
Storage Area Network (SAN): A SAN ndi netiweki yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida zosungira.
Virtual Private Network (VPN): VPN ndi netiweki yachinsinsi yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito netiweki yapagulu (monga intaneti) kulumikiza masamba akutali kapena ogwiritsa ntchito.
Mawu Omasulira
Nawu mndandanda wamawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa Networking:
Adilesi ya IP: Chida chilichonse pamanetiweki chimakhala ndi adilesi yapadera ya IP. IP adilesi imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuzindikira chipangizo pa netiweki. IP imayimira Internet Protocol.
Nodi: Node ndi chipangizo chomwe chimalumikizidwa ndi netiweki. Zitsanzo za node zimaphatikizapo makompyuta, osindikiza, ndi ma routers.
Maulendo: Router ndi chipangizo chomwe chimatumiza mapaketi a data pakati pa maukonde.
Swichi: Chosinthira ndi chipangizo chomwe chimalumikiza zida zingapo pamaneti amodzi. Kusintha kumalola kuti data itumizidwe kwa omwe akuyembekezeredwa.
Mitundu ya kusintha:
Kusintha kwa Circuit: Pakusintha kwadera, kulumikizana pakati pa zida ziwiri kumaperekedwa kwa kulumikizana komweko. Kulumikizana kukakhazikitsidwa, sikungagwiritsidwe ntchito ndi zida zina.
Kusintha kwa paketi: Mu kusintha kwa paketi, deta imagawidwa m'mapaketi ang'onoang'ono. Phukusi lililonse limatha kutenga njira yosiyana yopita komwe mukupita. Kusintha kwa paketi ndikothandiza kwambiri kuposa kusintha kwa dera chifukwa kumathandizira zida zingapo kugawana maukonde omwewo.
Kusintha kwa uthenga: Kusintha kwa mauthenga ndi mtundu wa kusintha kwa paketi komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kutumiza mauthenga pakati pa makompyuta.
Maiko: Madoko amagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza zida ndi netiweki. Chida chilichonse chili ndi madoko angapo omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito kulumikizana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya maukonde.
Nachi fanizo la madoko: lingalirani madoko ngati malo otulutsira m'nyumba mwanu. Mungagwiritse ntchito chotuluka chomwechi polumikiza nyale, TV, kapena kompyuta.
Mitundu ya ma cable network
Pali mitundu inayi yodziwika bwino ya zingwe zama netiweki:
Chingwe cha Coaxial: Coaxial chingwe ndi mtundu wa chingwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa chingwe TV ndi intaneti. Zimapangidwa ndi mkuwa wamkuwa womwe umazunguliridwa ndi zida zotetezera komanso jekete yoteteza.
Chingwe chopotoka: Chingwe chopotoka ndi mtundu wa chingwe chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki a Efaneti. Amapangidwa ndi mawaya awiri amkuwa omwe amalumikizana pamodzi. Kupotoza kumathandiza kuchepetsa kusokoneza.
Chingwe cha Fiber Optic: Chingwe cha fiber optic ndi mtundu wa chingwe chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito kuwala kufalitsa deta. Zimapangidwa ndi galasi kapena pulasitiki pachimake chozunguliridwa ndi zinthu zophimba.
Zopanda zamkati: Wopanda zingwe ndi mtundu wa netiweki yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mafunde a wailesi kufalitsa deta. Maukonde opanda zingwe sagwiritsa ntchito zingwe zakuthupi kulumikiza zida.
Zotsatira
Pali ma topology 4 odziwika pa netiweki:
Mbiri ya mabasi: Mu topology ya mabasi, zida zonse zimalumikizidwa ndi chingwe chimodzi.
ubwino:
- Yosavuta kulumikiza zida zatsopano
- Yosavuta kuthetsa mavuto
kuipa:
- Ngati chingwe chachikulu chikulephera, maukonde onse amatsika
- Kuchita kumachepa pomwe zida zambiri zimawonjezeredwa pa netiweki
Topology ya nyenyezi: Mu topology ya nyenyezi, zida zonse zimalumikizidwa ku chipangizo chapakati.
ubwino:
- Zosavuta kuwonjezera ndikuchotsa zida
- Yosavuta kuthetsa mavuto
- Chida chilichonse chili ndi kulumikizana kwake kodzipereka
kuipa:
- Ngati chipangizo chapakati chikulephera, maukonde onse amatsika
Topology ya mphete: Mu ring topology, chipangizo chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ndi zida zina ziwiri.
ubwino:
- Yosavuta kuthetsa mavuto
- Chida chilichonse chili ndi kulumikizana kwake kodzipereka
kuipa:
- Ngati chipangizo chimodzi chikulephera, maukonde onse amatsika
- Kuchita kumachepa pomwe zida zambiri zimawonjezeredwa pa netiweki
Mesh topology: Mu mesh topology, chipangizo chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ndi chipangizo china chilichonse.
ubwino:
- Chida chilichonse chili ndi kulumikizana kwake kodzipereka
- Wodalirika
- Palibe mfundo imodzi yolephera
kuipa:
- Okwera mtengo kuposa ma topology ena
- Zovuta kuthetsa mavuto
- Kuchita kumachepa pomwe zida zambiri zimawonjezeredwa pa netiweki
Zitsanzo za 3 Za Ma Network Network
Chitsanzo 1: Muofesi, makompyuta amalumikizidwa wina ndi mnzake pogwiritsa ntchito netiweki. Netiweki iyi imalola antchito kugawana mafayilo ndi osindikiza.
Chitsanzo 2: Netiweki yakunyumba imalola zida kuti zilumikizane ndi intaneti ndikugawana data wina ndi mnzake.
Chitsanzo 3: Netiweki yam'manja imagwiritsidwa ntchito kulumikiza mafoni ndi zida zina zam'manja ku intaneti ndi mnzake.
Kodi Ma Network Network amagwira ntchito bwanji ndi intaneti?
Maukonde apakompyuta amalumikiza zida ndi intaneti kuti zizitha kulumikizana. Mukalumikiza intaneti, kompyuta yanu imatumiza ndikulandila data kudzera pa netiweki. Deta iyi imatumizidwa ngati mapaketi. Paketi iliyonse ili ndi mudziwe za kumene unachokera ndi kumene ukupita. Mapaketi amayendetsedwa pa netiweki kupita komwe akupita.
Othandizira pa intaneti (ISPs) perekani kugwirizana pakati pa makompyuta apakompyuta ndi intaneti. Ma ISPs amalumikizana ndi maukonde apakompyuta kudzera munjira yotchedwa peering. Kuyang'ana ndi pamene maukonde awiri kapena kuposerapo amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kuti athe kusinthana magalimoto. Magalimoto ndi data yomwe imatumizidwa pakati pa maukonde.
Pali mitundu inayi yolumikizira ISP:
- Kuwerengera: Kulumikizana kwa dial-up kumagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha foni kuti chilumikizane ndi intaneti. Uwu ndi mtundu wochedwetsa kwambiri wolumikizira.
-DSL: Kulumikizana kwa DSL kumagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha foni kulumikiza intaneti. Uwu ndi mtundu wachangu wamalumikizidwe kuposa kuyimba.
- Chingwe: Kulumikiza chingwe kumagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha TV chingwe kulumikiza intaneti. Uwu ndi mtundu wachangu wamalumikizidwe kuposa DSL.
- fiber: Kulumikizana kwa fiber kumagwiritsa ntchito ma fiber optical kuti alumikizane ndi intaneti. Uwu ndiye mtundu wachangu kwambiri wamalumikizidwe.
Ma Network Service Providers (NSPs) perekani kugwirizana pakati pa makompyuta apakompyuta ndi intaneti. Ma NSP amalumikizana ndi maukonde apakompyuta kudzera munjira yotchedwa peering. Kuyang'ana ndi pamene maukonde awiri kapena kuposerapo amalumikizana wina ndi mnzake kuti athe kusinthana magalimoto. Magalimoto ndi data yomwe imatumizidwa pakati pa maukonde.
Pali mitundu inayi yamalumikizidwe a NSP:
- Kuwerengera: Kulumikizana kwa dial-up kumagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha foni kuti chilumikizane ndi intaneti. Uwu ndi mtundu wochedwetsa kwambiri wolumikizira.
-DSL: Kulumikizana kwa DSL kumagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha foni kulumikiza intaneti. Uwu ndi mtundu wachangu wamalumikizidwe kuposa kuyimba.
- Chingwe: Kulumikiza chingwe kumagwiritsa ntchito chingwe cha TV chingwe kulumikiza intaneti. Uwu ndi mtundu wachangu wamalumikizidwe kuposa DSL.
- fiber: Kulumikizana kwa fiber kumagwiritsa ntchito ma fiber optical kuti alumikizane ndi intaneti. Uwu ndiye mtundu wachangu kwambiri wamalumikizidwe.
Computer Network Architecture
Zomangamanga zamakompyuta apakompyuta ndi njira yomwe makompyuta amapangidwira pamaneti.
Zomangamanga za peer-to-peer (P2P). ndi kamangidwe ka netiweki momwe chipangizo chilichonse chili ndi kasitomala komanso seva. Pa intaneti ya P2P, palibe seva yapakati. Chida chilichonse chimalumikizana ndi chipangizo china pamanetiweki kuti agawane zothandizira.
Zomangamanga za kasitomala-server (C/S). ndi kamangidwe ka netiweki momwe chida chilichonse chimakhala kasitomala kapena seva. Mu netiweki ya C/S, pali seva yapakati yomwe imapereka chithandizo kwa makasitomala. Makasitomala amalumikizana ndi seva kuti apeze zothandizira.
Zomangamanga zamagulu atatu ndi kamangidwe ka netiweki momwe chida chilichonse chimakhala kasitomala kapena seva. Mu network ya magawo atatu, pali mitundu itatu ya zida:
- Makasitomala: Makasitomala ndi chipangizo chomwe chimalumikizana ndi netiweki.
- Ma seva: Seva ndi chipangizo chomwe chimapereka ntchito kwa makasitomala pa.
- Ndondomeko: Protocol ndi malamulo omwe amawongolera momwe zida zimalumikizirana pamaneti.
Kamangidwe ka mauna ndi kamangidwe kamaneti momwe chipangizo chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ndi chipangizo china chilichonse pamanetiweki. Mu ma mesh network, palibe seva yapakati. Chida chilichonse chimalumikizana ndi chipangizo china chilichonse pamanetiweki kuti agawane zothandizira.
A full mauna topology ndi kamangidwe ka mauna momwe chipangizo chilichonse chimalumikizidwa ku chipangizo china chilichonse pa netiweki. Mu mesh topology yathunthu, palibe seva yapakati. Chida chilichonse chimalumikizana ndi chipangizo china chilichonse pamanetiweki kuti agawane zothandizira.
A gawo la mauna topology ndi kamangidwe ka mauna komwe zida zina zimalumikizidwa ndi zida zina zilizonse pamanetiweki, koma si zida zonse zomwe zimalumikizidwa ku zida zina zonse. Mu mesh topology pang'ono, palibe seva yapakati. Zida zina zimalumikizana ndi zida zina zilizonse pamanetiweki, koma si zida zonse zomwe zimalumikizana ndi zida zina zonse.
A Wireless mesh network (WMN) ndi netiweki ya mauna yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje opanda zingwe kulumikiza zida. Ma WMN nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri, monga mapaki ndi malo ogulitsira khofi, komwe kumakhala kovuta kuyika maukonde a waya.
Kugwiritsa Ntchito Ma Balancers
Load balancers ndi zida zomwe zimagawa magalimoto pa netiweki. Ma balancers amawongolera magwiridwe antchito pogawa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto mofanana pazida zonse pa netiweki.
Nthawi Yomwe Mungagwiritsire Ntchito Zosungira Katundu
Zowongolera katundu nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pamaneti pomwe pali magalimoto ambiri. Mwachitsanzo, zolemetsa zolemetsa zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri m'malo opangira ma data ndi mafamu apaintaneti.
Momwe Ma Balancers Amagwirira Ntchito
Ma balancers amagawira kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa netiweki pogwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms osiyanasiyana. Njira yodziwika kwambiri ndi algorithm yozungulira-robin.
The algorithm yozungulira-robin ndi algorithm yolemetsa yomwe imagawa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pazida zonse pa netiweki. Algorithm yozungulira-robin imagwira ntchito potumiza pempho lililonse latsopano ku chipangizo china pamndandanda.
Round-robin algorithm ndi njira yosavuta yomwe ndi yosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Komabe, ma aligorivimu ozungulira-robin samaganizira kuchuluka kwa zida pamaneti. Zotsatira zake, ma algorithm ozungulira-robin nthawi zina amatha kupangitsa kuti zida zizidzaza.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali zida zitatu pamaneti, algorithm yozungulira-robin imatumiza pempho loyamba ku chipangizo choyamba, pempho lachiwiri ku chipangizo chachiwiri, ndi pempho lachitatu ku chipangizo chachitatu. Pempho lachinayi lidzatumizidwa ku chipangizo choyamba, ndi zina zotero.
Kuti mupewe vutoli, ena onyamula katundu amagwiritsa ntchito ma aligorivimu otsogola, monga ma algorithms ocheperako.
The algorithm yolumikizana pang'ono ndi algorithm yolemetsa yomwe imatumiza pempho lililonse latsopano ku chipangizocho chokhala ndi zolumikizira zochepa kwambiri. Njira yolumikizirana yaying'ono imagwira ntchito poyang'anira kuchuluka kwa zolumikizira zomwe zimagwira pa chipangizo chilichonse pa netiweki.
Njira yolumikizirana yaying'ono ndiyotsogola kwambiri kuposa algorithm yozungulira-robin, ndipo imatha kugawa bwino magalimoto pamaneti. Komabe, ma aligorivimu olumikizana pang'ono ndi ovuta kugwiritsa ntchito kuposa algorithm yozungulira-robin.
Mwachitsanzo, ngati pali zida zitatu pa netiweki, ndipo chipangizo choyamba chili ndi zolumikizira ziwiri zogwira ntchito, chachiwiri chimakhala ndi zolumikizira zinayi, ndipo chachitatu chimakhala ndi kulumikizana kumodzi, ma algorithm ocheperako amatumiza pempho lachinayi kwa chipangizo chachitatu.
Ma balancers amathanso kugwiritsa ntchito ma algorithms ophatikizika kuti agawane magalimoto pa netiweki. Mwachitsanzo, chojambulira katundu atha kugwiritsa ntchito njira yozungulira-robin kugawa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pazida zonse pa netiweki, ndiyeno kugwiritsa ntchito njira yolumikizirana pang'ono kutumiza zopempha zatsopano ku chipangizochi chokhala ndi zolumikizira zochepa kwambiri.
Kukonza Zosungitsa Katundu
Mabalancers amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makonda osiyanasiyana. Zokonda zofunika kwambiri ndi ma algorithms omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa magalimoto, ndi zida zomwe zimaphatikizidwa mu dziwe lolemetsa.
Mabalancers amatha kukhazikitsidwa pamanja, kapena akhoza kusinthidwa zokha. Kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamanetiweki pomwe pali zida zambiri, ndipo kasinthidwe kamanja nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki ang'onoang'ono.
Mukakonza chowongolera katundu, ndikofunikira kusankha ma aligorivimu oyenera, ndikuphatikiza zida zonse zomwe zidzagwiritsidwe ntchito padziwe lolemetsa.
Kuyesa Ma Balancers
Katundu balancers akhoza kuyesedwa ntchito zosiyanasiyana zida. Chida chofunikira kwambiri ndi jenereta yamagalimoto apaintaneti.
A jenereta yama traffic network ndi chida chomwe chimapanga traffic pamaneti. Majenereta apamsewu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa magwiridwe antchito a zida zapaintaneti, monga zolemetsa.
Majenereta apamsewu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto, kuphatikiza magalimoto a HTTP, traffic TCP, ndi traffic ya UDP.
Ma balancers amathanso kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zowerengera. Zida zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza momwe zida zimagwirira ntchito pamaneti.
Zida zofananira angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza ntchito ya katundu balancers pansi pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga katundu osiyana, mikhalidwe osiyana maukonde, ndi masanjidwe osiyana.
Ma balancer amathanso kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zowunikira. Zida zowunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira momwe zida zikuyendera pamaneti.
Zida zowunikira angagwiritsidwe ntchito younikira mmene katundu balancers pansi pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana, monga katundu osiyana, mikhalidwe osiyana maukonde, ndi masanjidwe osiyana.
Pomaliza:
Zowongolera katundu ndi gawo lofunikira pamanetiweki ambiri. Ma balancers amagwiritsidwa ntchito kugawa kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pa netiweki, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito a netiweki.
Ma Network Othandizira Okhutira (CDN)
A Content Delivery Network (CDN) ndi ma seva omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zomwe zili kwa ogwiritsa ntchito.
Ma CDN nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zinthu zomwe zili kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, CDN ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zomwe zili mu seva ku Europe kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ku Asia.
Ma CDN amagwiritsidwanso ntchito nthawi zambiri popereka zinthu zomwe zili kumadera osiyanasiyana padziko lapansi. Mwachitsanzo, CDN ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zomwe zili mu seva ku Europe kwa wogwiritsa ntchito ku Asia.
Ma CDN nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito kukonza mawebusayiti ndi mapulogalamu. Ma CDN atha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kukonza kupezeka kwa zomwe zili.
Kupanga ma CDN
Ma CDN amapangidwa pogwiritsa ntchito makonda osiyanasiyana. Zokonda zofunika kwambiri ndi ma seva omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zomwe zili, komanso zomwe zimaperekedwa ndi CDN.
Ma CDN akhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamanja, kapena akhoza kusinthidwa zokha. Kukonzekera kwadzidzidzi kumagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri pamanetiweki pomwe pali zida zambiri, ndipo kasinthidwe kamanja nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pamanetiweki ang'onoang'ono.
Mukakonza CDN, ndikofunikira kusankha ma seva oyenerera, ndikukonzekera CDN kuti ipereke zomwe zikufunika.
Kuyesa ma CDN
Ma CDN amatha kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana. Chida chofunikira kwambiri ndi jenereta yamagalimoto apaintaneti.
Makina opanga ma network ndi chida chomwe chimapanga kuchuluka kwa magalimoto pamaneti. Majenereta apamsewu amagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyesa magwiridwe antchito a zida zapaintaneti, monga ma CDN.
Majenereta apamsewu atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga mitundu ingapo yamagalimoto, kuphatikiza magalimoto a HTTP, traffic TCP, ndi traffic ya UDP.
Ma CDN amathanso kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zowerengera. Zida zofananira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyeza momwe zida zimagwirira ntchito pamaneti.
Zida zofananira angagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyeza magwiridwe antchito a CDN pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, monga katundu wosiyanasiyana, mikhalidwe yosiyana ya maukonde, ndi masinthidwe osiyanasiyana.
Ma CDN amathanso kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana zowunikira. Zida zowunikira zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuyang'anira magwiridwe antchito pamaneti.
Zida zowunikira angagwiritsidwe ntchito poyang'anira machitidwe a CDN pansi pazikhalidwe zosiyanasiyana, monga katundu wosiyana, mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya maukonde, ndi masanjidwe osiyanasiyana.
Pomaliza:
Ma CDN ndi gawo lofunikira pama network ambiri. Ma CDN amagwiritsidwa ntchito popereka zomwe zili kwa ogwiritsa ntchito, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito amasamba ndi mapulogalamu. Ma CDN akhoza kukhazikitsidwa pamanja, kapena akhoza kusinthidwa zokha. Ma CDN amatha kuyesedwa pogwiritsa ntchito zida zosiyanasiyana, kuphatikiza ma jenereta amtaneti komanso zida zowerengera. Zida zowunikira zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito kutsata momwe ma CDN akugwirira ntchito.
Network Security
Chitetezo pamaneti ndi mchitidwe woteteza netiweki yamakompyuta kuti isapezeke mwachilolezo. Malo olowera mu netiweki ndi awa:
- Kufikira pa intaneti: Izi zikuphatikizapo kupeza ma hardware a netiweki, monga ma routers ndi ma switch.
- Kufikira koyenera pamanetiweki: Izi zikuphatikiza mwayi wopeza mapulogalamu a netiweki, monga makina ogwiritsira ntchito ndi mapulogalamu.
Njira zotetezera maukonde zikuphatikiza:
- Chizindikiritso: Iyi ndi njira yodziwira yemwe kapena zomwe zikuyesera kupeza netiweki.
- Kutsimikizika: Iyi ndi njira yotsimikizira kuti wogwiritsa ntchito kapena chipangizo chake ndi chovomerezeka.
- Chilolezo: Iyi ndi njira yoperekera kapena kukana mwayi wopezeka pa netiweki potengera zomwe wogwiritsa ntchito kapena chipangizocho.
- Accounting: Iyi ndi njira yotsata ndikudula zonse zomwe zimachitika pa netiweki.
Tekinoloje zachitetezo pamaneti ndizo:
- Zomangamanga: Firewall ndi chida cha hardware kapena mapulogalamu omwe amasefa magalimoto pakati pa maukonde awiri.
- Njira zodziwira zosokoneza: Dongosolo lozindikira zolowera ndi pulogalamu yamapulogalamu yomwe imayang'anira zochitika zapaintaneti kuti ziwonetse zizindikiro za kulowerera.
- Maukonde achinsinsi achinsinsi: Netiweki yachinsinsi ndi njira yotetezeka pakati pa zida ziwiri kapena zingapo.
Ndondomeko zachitetezo pa intaneti ndi malamulo ndi malamulo omwe amalamulira momwe maukonde angagwiritsire ntchito ndikufikira. Malamulo nthawi zambiri amakhudza mitu monga yovomerezeka, achinsinsi kasamalidwe, ndi chitetezo cha data. Ndondomeko zachitetezo ndizofunikira chifukwa zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti maukonde akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera.
Popanga ndondomeko ya chitetezo cha intaneti, ndikofunika kuganizira zotsatirazi:
- Mtundu wa network: Ndondomeko yachitetezo iyenera kukhala yoyenera pamtundu wa intaneti womwe ukugwiritsidwa ntchito. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko ya intranet yamakampani idzakhala yosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya webusaiti ya anthu.
- Kukula kwa netiweki: Ndondomeko yachitetezo iyenera kukhala yoyenera kukula kwa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko ya maukonde ang'onoang'ono aofesi idzakhala yosiyana ndi ndondomeko yamabizinesi akuluakulu.
- Ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti: Ndondomeko yachitetezo iyenera kuganizira zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko ya maukonde ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi antchito idzakhala yosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya maukonde ogwiritsidwa ntchito ndi makasitomala.
- Zothandizira pa intaneti: Ndondomeko yachitetezo iyenera kuganizira za mitundu yazinthu zomwe zilipo pa intaneti. Mwachitsanzo, ndondomeko ya netiweki yomwe ili ndi deta yodziwika bwino idzakhala yosiyana ndi ndondomeko ya maukonde omwe ali ndi deta ya anthu onse.
Chitetezo pamanetiweki ndichinthu chofunikira ku bungwe lililonse lomwe limagwiritsa ntchito makompyuta kusunga kapena kugawana deta. Pogwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko za chitetezo ndi matekinoloje, mabungwe angathandize kuteteza maukonde awo kuti asalowemo ndi kusokoneza.
https://www.youtube.com/shorts/mNYJC_qOrDw
Ndondomeko Zovomerezeka Zogwiritsira Ntchito
Ndondomeko yovomerezeka yogwiritsira ntchito ndi ndondomeko ya malamulo omwe amatanthauzira momwe makompyuta angagwiritsire ntchito. Ndondomeko yovomerezeka yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi mitu monga kuvomerezeka kwa netiweki, kasamalidwe ka mawu achinsinsi, ndi chitetezo cha data. Ndondomeko zovomerezeka zogwiritsira ntchito ndizofunikira chifukwa zimathandiza kuonetsetsa kuti maukonde akugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera komanso moyenera.
Kuwongolera Achinsinsi
Kuwongolera mawu achinsinsi ndi njira yopangira, kusunga, ndi kuteteza mawu achinsinsi. Mawu achinsinsi amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupeza maukonde apakompyuta, mapulogalamu, ndi data. Ndondomeko zoyendetsera mawu achinsinsi nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitu monga mphamvu ya mawu achinsinsi, kutha kwa mawu achinsinsi, ndi kubwezeretsa mawu achinsinsi.
Chitetezo cha Data
Chitetezo cha data ndi mchitidwe woteteza deta kuti isapezeke mosaloledwa. Tekinoloje yachitetezo cha data imaphatikizapo kubisa, kuwongolera mwayi wofikira, komanso kupewa kutayikira kwa data. Mfundo zotetezera deta nthawi zambiri zimakhala ndi mitu monga kusanja deta ndi kusamalira deta.
Network Security Checklist
- Tanthauzirani kukula kwa netiweki.
- Dziwani zomwe zili pa netiweki.
- Sankhani deta pa netiweki.
- Sankhani njira zoyenera zotetezera.
- Gwiritsani ntchito matekinoloje achitetezo.
- Yesani matekinoloje achitetezo.
- tumizani matekinoloje achitetezo.
- Yang'anirani netiweki kuti muwone ngati akulowerera.
- kuyankha pazochitika za kulowerera.
- sinthani ndondomeko zachitetezo ndi matekinoloje ngati pakufunika.
Mu chitetezo cha intaneti, kukonzanso mapulogalamu ndi hardware ndi gawo lofunikira kuti mukhale patsogolo pamapindikira. Zowopsa zatsopano zikuwululidwa nthawi zonse, ndipo zida zatsopano zikupangidwa. Mwa kusunga mapulogalamu ndi zida zamakono zamakono, maukonde akhoza kutetezedwa bwino ku zoopseza izi.
Chitetezo cha intaneti ndi mutu wovuta, ndipo palibe yankho limodzi lomwe lingateteze maukonde ku ziwopsezo zonse. Chitetezo chabwino kwambiri polimbana ndi ziwopsezo zachitetezo chapaintaneti ndi njira yosanja yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito matekinoloje angapo ndi mfundo.
Kodi Ubwino Wogwiritsa Ntchito Makompyuta Ndi Chiyani?
Pali zabwino zambiri zogwiritsa ntchito netiweki yamakompyuta, kuphatikiza:
- Kuchulukitsa zokolola: Ogwira ntchito amatha kugawana mafayilo ndi osindikiza, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ntchito ikhale yosavuta.
- Ndalama zochepetsera: Maukonde amatha kusunga ndalama pogawana zinthu monga osindikiza ndi masikani.
- Kulankhulana bwino: Maukonde amapangitsa kutumiza mauthenga mosavuta komanso kulumikizana ndi ena.
- Kuchulukitsa chitetezo: Maukonde angathandize kuteteza deta poyang'anira omwe ali nayo.
- Kudalirika kwabwino: Maukonde atha kupereka redundancy, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti ngati gawo limodzi la maukonde likutsika, mbali zina zitha kugwirabe ntchito.
Chidule
Ma network a IT ndi mutu wovuta, koma nkhaniyi imayenera kukupatsani kumvetsetsa bwino pazoyambira. M'nkhani zamtsogolo, tikambirana mitu yotsogola kwambiri monga chitetezo chamaneti ndi kukonza zovuta pamaneti.
